All are very different diving, if it’s a winter cruise Bermuda is going to be cool and rainy. Bermuda would be the best for wrecks and history, Nassau offers a little of everything if you go with the right dive op. St. Maarten and St. Thomas would be for small stuff.
Do some research on dive ops at each, the cruise lines scuba trips will be the most expensive and cater to beginners and you will probably share the boat with snorelers so they will be shallow and battered reefs.